Oil-burner



No. 624.743. v PatentedM ay 9, I899. A. J. BLACKFDBD.

OIL BURNER. (Application filed Juna 25, 1898.]

5 Shams-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

S nowwto'c Patented May 9, F899.

A. J. BLACKFURD.

OIL B U R N E R.

(Application filed June 25, 1898.)

5 SheetsSheet 2.

(No Model.)

3111.201 H'oz llllllllllfi WWW 1w Zlllllllllli wi insane/5 No. 624,743. Patented May 9,1999;

A; J. BLACKFORD.

OIL BURNER.

(Application filed June 25-. 1898.) Modem 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

No. 624.743. Patented May 9, I899. A. J. BLACKFURD.

OIL BURNER.

(Application filed Juna 25, 1898.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-$heet 4.

No. 624,743. Patented May 9, 1899 A. .1. BLACKFORD'.

OIL BURNER.

(Application filed June 26, 1898.) I Model) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

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m: NORRIS PE'rsRs cc. PNOTO-UTHDY, wnsuwamn n c NITED STATES PATENT 1 ()FFICE.

ATWEL L J. BLACKFORD, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

OIL- BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 624,743, dated May 9, 1899. Application filed June 25,1898. $erial No. 684,485- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ATWELL J. BLACKFORD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Oil-Burners, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in oil-burners, and pertains more particularly to that class of burners using a trough as a vapor-generating means, all of which will be fully described hereinafter and particularly referred to in the claims.

One object of my invention is to improve the construction for feeding oil from the reservoir to the trough to prevent the objectionable capillation of oil now present in the form of burners in use and to maintain a steadier flame, as well as enable the burner to be started more quickly.

Another object of my present invention relates to the particular construction of the trough itself, whereby a more even distribution of the oil therein is accomplished and whereby the trough is of a cheaper and more uniform construction in the manufacture thereof. 7

Another object of my present invention is to provide a detachable trough, whereby it may be removed for the purpose of cleaning or for substituting a new trough.

My invention consists in the construction and arrangement of parts, which are fully shown in the accompanying drawings, of which- Figure 1 is a perspective view. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1, the funnel being shownin section. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the combustion tubes, attachments, and the trough feed-pipe, the supporting-frame being omitted. Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of the trough, taken on the line 4: 4 of Fig. 5. Fig. 5is avertical sectional view of the trough, taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a detached perspective View of the trough and its attached depending flange. Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view through the trough on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a detached side elevation of the cup which incloses the trough and its depending flange, looking at the same from the rear. Fig. 9 isa detached perspective View of the combined reservoir rear edge of the top B, which has atits upper end rearwardly-projecting brackets D, upon which the reservoir 0 is supported.

The burner comprises a trough F and. the

combustion-tubes G, situated thereabove,

These tubes are of the usual construction and do not form any part of my present invention.

Supported below the trough is a cup H, that extends considerably above the trough F and incloses the trough and also the lower portion of the combustion-tubes G. This cup forms a chamber in which the trough is supported and has its bottom provided with a plurality of air-openings I. from and attached to the trough is a vertical flange J, the said flange extending down to and practically in contact with the bottom of the cup H and of a size to rest upon the bottom of the cup at apoint intermediate the walls or edges of the openings I. This flange J divides the cup I-I into an inner air-chamber K and an outer air-chamber L. By reason of the lower'edge of the flange J resting upon the bottom of the cup II at a point intermediate the openings I the flange serves to divide the current of air passing through the said openings, whereby part of the air passes within the flange J and thenceto the inner combustion-tube, while part of the air passes outside of the flange J into the chamber L and to the outer side of the outer combustion-tube.

Attached to the combustion-tubes by means of the rods M (or other suitable devices) is a surrounding'drum N. This drum is preferably larger in diameter than the cup H and has its upper and lower edges turned inward, as clearly shown, the lower inturned edge P resting against or adjacent to the outer side,

of the upper end of the cup H at a pointjust below its upper end, andthe upper inturned end Q of the drum extends inward, as shown,

Depending I and at a point just above the upper end of the outer combustion-tube and practically opposite the large openings R in the inner combustion-tube, which projects above the outer tube. It will be notedthat the inturned ends of the drum N are corrugated.

By means of these corrugations small air openings or passages are formed between the lower edge of the inturned end P and the upper end of the cup I-I, through which air passes in small streams or currents within the drum and serves to feed air to the perforations ofv the outer combustion-tube. The upper fluted or corrugated flange Q serves to divide the upflowing air into irregular currents that are deflected inward into the escaping gases from between the combustiontubes, and owing to the irregularity of these currents or the breaking up of the currents the air commingles and mixes more thoroughly with the escaping gases from between the combustion-tubes than is the case where an unbroken current of air is deflected inward against the ring of gases escaping from the combustion-tubes. It is therefore more effective and causes a better mixing of this air with the gases, and consequently a more thorough combustion.

A bar S extends longitudinally of the frame, at a point between the base and the top thereof, the said bar being preferably of angle-iron, as shown in Fig. 2, and upon which and to which the cup II is supported and secured. Projecting upward from the center of the bottom of the cup H and firmly secured thereto is a tube T, which serves to centrallyfix the trough F within the cup, the said cup being provided at its upper end with spider U, having a central opening V to receive the upper end of' the tubeT. In this way the trough is properly positioned within the cup and the depending flange J thereof is properly positioned in respect to the openings I, as before described.

The combustion-tubes are provided, as usual,with a central depending stem or tube a, which passes through the tube T, projecting from the bottom of the cup H, the tube T thus serving, through the medium ofthe stem a, to position the combustion-tubes upon the cup and to support the same when they are raised above the cup for the purpose of lighting the burner. This stem a projects through the bottom of the cup a suitable distance and is raised or lowered through the medium of a lever b, said lever being J shape in side elevation, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 3. The bent or doubled end of this lever Z; passes loosely through an opening 0, formed in the rear wall of the cup II at a point near its bottom, and is provided with a ring or pin (1 in its end to prevent its withdrawal from the opening 0. The opposite end of the lever b is provided with a handle e, and this end of the lever passes through a Vertical slot f, formed in an arm 2', secured to the cup H and depending therefrom. This slot f serves as a guide for the lever Z) in its up-and-down movement, and at the upper end of the slotfa recess or offset 9 is provided for supporting the lever in its raised position, and consequently the combustion-tubes in a raised position. The bent or upper end of the lever 12 passing loosely through the opening a of the cup II, it is permitted a free up-and-down and lateral movement for raising the combustion-tubes and for being moved into the ofiset or recess 9 of the arm 1'.

The trough F is constructed of a V shape in cross-section, as shown in Fig.3, whereby a contracted oil channelj is provided for retaining a constant supply of oil throughout its circumference. For the purpose of insuring a more even feed of the oil to the entire circumference of the trough I provide an oilchannel 76, which is situated at preferably the outer sides of the trough and forming practically two channels, one at each side of the ring formed by the annular trough, and these channels are inclined from their receiving ends 1 gradually to the opposite side of the ring and vanish into the V-shaped trough at the point m, which is opposite the recieving ends of the channels. It will be thus seen that oil fed tothe receiving ends Z of the channels is conducted around to the opposite side of the annular trough, where the channels merge thereinto. The inner wall of these channels is below the outer wall of the trough, as shown in Fig. 5, whereby there is an auxiliary feed of oil over the inner walls of these channels by capillary action into the troughs or channelsj proper, and this auxiliary feed gradually increases as the exit ends of the channels are approached, owing to the fact that the inner walls of the channels gradually decrease in height. The rear side of the trough is provided with a V-shaped extension 11., and this V-shaped extension is provided with a V-shaped projection p, which serves to form the inlet ends Z of the channels 70, whereby the oil fed into the nozzle (1 of the V-shaped extension n is divided into two streams by the apex or point rof the V-shaped projection 19. This V-shaped projection 19 is of a height less than the height of the chamber formed by the extension, as shown in Fig. 5, and the point or apex r of the projection 19 is preferably provided with the stem or fin s, which practically divides the oil into two equal streams, which flow into the two channels.

My improved trough is constructed of sheet metal and is stamped up with dies properly formed, whereby the trough is more cheaply manufactured and whereby they are smooth and of a uniform size, which is not the case with a cast trough. The bottom of the extension 11 is formed as an integral part of the trough proper and is provided with a top 2, secured thereto, preferably by the bent-in edges a. formed also of sheet metal and is doubled to embrace the upper edge of the trough, as-

IIO

The upper edge 3 of the trough is shown at 4, and the inner wall of this doubled ure by the depressed ends of the spider, as

shown in Fig. 7, and also bysoldering, or, if desired, by riveting. The trough feedpipe 6 extends into and is immovably connected'with the nozzle q of the extension n, and the receiving end of this feed-pipe 6 is flanged inward, as illustrated in Fig. 3. A pipe 8 is attached to the frame and top of the stove and is provided with a contracted nozzle 9, projecting considerably below the inturned edge 7 of the trough feed-pipe,whereby the oil dropping from this contracted nozzle falls in the feed-pipe at a point removed from its upper end and whereby considerable space is formed between the end of the nozzle 9 and the upper end of the feedpipe 8, which prevents the capillation of the oil where the two pipes fit one within the other. The'rear wall of the cup H is provided with an opening 10, constructed to permit the extension 91 of the trough to extend therein. description it will be seen that the trough is removable from the cup and carries with it its feed-pipe, which is also unconnected with the end of the feed-pipe S which is attached to the stove-frame. This construction enables the trough to be removed from the stove for the purpose of cleaning or for the purpose of substituting in the place thereof a new trough. The upper end of the pipe 8 passes through the rear edge of the top B of the stove and is provided with a funnelshaped inlet end 11.

As previously stated, the reservoir is supported upon the brackets D, projecting rearward from the supports. This reservoir is rectangular in shape, as clearly illustrated, and is very shallow. The reservoir forms the usual shelf and is removable from the brackets, being loosely seated thereon. The forward end of the bottom of the reservoir is provided with a depending nozzle 12, the said nozzle being the lower end of a tube 13, which passes directly through the reservoir, its upper and lower ends being soldered, thus preventing any screw or packed joints. Passing within this tube 13 is a needle-valve 14 of the usual construction, adapted to open and close the exit-opening 15 at the upper end of the nozzle 12. The needle-valve let passes through the upper end of the tube 13 and is provided with an operating-handle 16. For the purpose of making a neat finish the handle is attached to a disk 17, which maybe either plain, as here shown, or of any de sired ornamental design. The tube 13 is provided with an opening 18 at .a. point within the reservoir, whereby oil may flow therein and through the nozzle 12 when the needle-valve is raised for opening the passage From this 15. Situated between the cap 17 and the top of the reservoir and surroundingthe upper end of the needle-valve is a coiled spring 19, which serves to cause a tension upon the valve, wherebyit is preventedfrom being too easily moved in its adjustment. Formed in the support 0 is an opening 21, and this opening, as shown, is situated at a point between the exit-nozzle 12 of the reservoir and the funnel-shaped inlet end 11 of the feed-pipe 8, whereby the oil as it drops from the nozzle 12 may be seen through the opening. This opening is preferably provided with glass or mica 22 to prevent drafts of air, which would tend to deflect the oil'as it dropped from the nozzle 12. For the purpose of making the dropping of the oil more distinct a backing or reflector 23 is provided. This backing or re flector is preferably the rear wall 1 of a chamber 24:, through which the oil drops from the nozzle 12 to the inlet end 11 of the feed-pipe. This chamber is also preferably provided with a bottom 25, partly formed bythe funnel-shaped ends 11. The chamber 24 forms what may be termed a splash-chamber, in that it will catch any splash of the oil which may occur as it drops into the funnel 11. This chamber also serves to protect the dropping oil from any air-current. which would tend to deflect it from its proper course. By means of the reflector or backing 23 the oil is plainly seen as it drops from the nozzle 12, which under some conditions would not be the case if the backing or reflector were not provided. The reservoir 0 rests upon the brackets D, as before stated, and forms a top for the chamber 24, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. This reservoir resting loosely upon the bracket is readily removable therefrom for the purpose of filling the reservoir and when in position serves as a shelf. From this description it willbe seen that I avoid any screw or packed joints between the reservoir and the trough, whereby all capillation and leaking of the oil are prevented. Thisfeature in burners of this character has been found very objectionable where the valve is situated, as usual, at a point between the reservoir and the burner, most generally at a point adjacent the burner, thus leaving a considerable portion of the pipe filled with oil, necessitating screw and packed joints, which are leaky and permit a capillation of the oil. My manner of feed-ing the oil has also a decided advantage in that only such quantity of oil is fed to the feed-pipe as is used orconsumed by the trough when the burner is in operation. It also enables the operator to determine the amount of feed of oil by observing the dropping thereof from the nozzle12. The operator is enabled in a very short time to regulatethe dropping of the oil to suit the requirements of the burner. It will also be noted that I do not use any stops for the regulating-valve, and this is a decided advantage in that in operation the valve is turned from four to six times in the direction to open it and then immediately turned backward, leaving the drops which can be observed through the opening 21 about right for maintaining the burner. The opening of the valve by several turns has fed sufficient oil to saturate the lighter 26 within the trough, so that the operator-can. immediately lift the combustiontubes and light the burner. In the construction in common use where the valves are provided with stops they are turned on, feeding a small quantity of oil, whereby the operator must wait until sufficient oil has been fed to saturate thelighter. In my construction this wait is unnecessary and enables the burner to be immediately lighted, thus getting it at work considerably quicker than by the usual method.

In Fig. 1 I show the stove with two burners; but itwill be readily understood that the stove may be provided with any number of burners, each burner having its own feed-pipe,

, with the funnel-shaped inlet, and a separate valve provided in the reservoir for each burner. As shown in Fig. 1, the opening 21 in the support 0 is elongated, whereby all of the valves are exposed to said opening and whereby the operator at a single glance can see the dropping of oil for feeding all of the burners.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with aburner of a feedpipe having communication therewith, the supporting-frame having a top, the feed-pipe extending through the top and having an open upper end, a reservoirsupport projecting from said top, the reservoir having a registering opening in a vertical line above the said open end of the feed-pipe and a valve for controlling said exit-opening, substantially as described.

2. Aburner having a feed-pipe in communication therewith, a supporting-frame therefor, the feed-pipe projecting above the top of the supporting-frame and provided with an open upper end, a reservoir-support projecting from the topin front of the open end of said feed-pipe, a reservoir supported by said support above the upper end of the feed-pipe and provided with an exit-opening in a vertical line thereabove, and a valve for con trolling said exit-opening, substantially as described.

3. A burner provided with a feed-pipe in communication therewith, a supportingframe, the feed-pipe having an open upper end, a support projecting from the top of the frame at a point in front of the open end of the feed-pipe, a reservoir upon the said support above the upper end of the'feed-pipe and provided with an exit-opening thereabove, a valve for controlling said exit-opening, the said support having an opening at a point between the exit-opening and the open inner end of the feed-pipe for the purpose described.

4. A stove comprising a supporting-frame, a burner supported thereby, the top of the stove having a vertical chamber at the rear edge thereof, a feed-pipe in communication with the burner and having an open upper end at and in communication with the lower end of said vertical chamber, a reservoir supported at the top of the vertical chamber and having an exit-opening at a point above said open-ended pipe, and a valve for controlling said opening, substantially as described.

5. Aburner comprisingasupporting-frame, a plurality of burners supported thereby, a vertical chamber at the rear edge of the supporting-frame, feed-pipes communicating respectively with said burners and having respectively open upper ends at the lower end of said chamber, a reservoir above said chamber provided with a plurality of openings being respectively in a vertical line above the open upper end of the feed-pipe, the front wall of said chamber provided with an elongatedopening spanning the space between the exit-opening of the reservoir, and valves for controlling the said exit-openings, substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. An oil-stove comprising a supportingframe, a burner supported thereby, a vertical chamber at the rear edge of the supporting-frame, said chamber having a closed bottom, a feed-pipe having its lower end in communication with the burner and its upper open end extending through the bottom of the chamber, a reservoir supported above and forming the top of said chamber, the reservoir having an exit-openin g within the chamber and in a vertical line above the upper end of the feed-pipe and a valve for controlling said opening, substantially as described.

7. An oil-stove comprising a burner having a sectional feed-pipe, one of the sections provided with a contracted nozzle and the adjacent end of the other section having an enlargement into which the contracted nozzle extends, the large portion fitting the enlargement of the other section, and means for feeding oil drop by drop to the opposite end of the section having the contracted nozzle, substantially as described.

8. A burner comprising a removable trough having integral therewith a projecting feedvpipe, a supporting-frame, a section of feedpipe secured to said supporting-frame, the trough feed-pipe. having a loose disconnected joint with the feed-pipe secured to the supporting-frame, substantially as described.

9. A burner comprising a removable trough having fixed thereto a sectionof at'eed-pipe, a second section of the feed-pipe secured to the supporting-frame, the lower end of the supporting-frame section of the feed-pipe provided with a contracted nozzle and the adjacent end of the trough-feed-pipe section having an enlargement embracing the said contracted end of the rigid section, and means for feeding the oil drop at a time to the upper end of the rigid section of the feed-pipe, substantially as described.

10. A burner comprising a cup-shaped case at its lower end and a removable trough situated within said casing and having a depending supporting member resting upon the bottom of the said base but disconnected there with, the trough having a laterally-projecting member passing through the wall of the case and interlocking therewith but disconnectable therefrom, substantially as described.

11. A burner comprising a case at its lower end, a removable trough situated within the case, the case having a central extension carried thereby, the trough provided with a spider having an opening registering with said central extension, and a support between the trough and the case and supported by the latter, substantially as described.

12. A burner comprising a cup-shaped casing, a supporting-frame therefor, a trough situated within the casing and independent thereof, the trough having a depending flange resting upon the bottom of the casing and supporting the trough, and combustion-tubes seated upon and supported by the trough, substantiall y as described.

13. Aburnercomprisingacasing atits lower end provided with openings in its bottom, a trough situated within said casing, a flange supported by the bottom of the case and supporting the trough, the lower end of the flange beingin aline between the edges of said openings for dividing the air as it passes therethrough, substantially as described.

14. A burner comprising a'cup-shaped casinghaving a plurality of openings arranged in a circle, a removable trough situated within the chamber, the trough having a depending circular flange having the lower edge thereof at a point between the edges of said openings, for the purpose described.

15. A burner comprising a cup-shaped casing at its lowerend,combustion-tubes projecting above said casing, an inclosing drum for said combustion-tubes, the inclosin g drum being of a diameter greater than the diameter of the cup-shaped casing, the cup-shaped casing having air-openings and the lower edge of the inclosing drum turned inward to a point against or adjacent the outer walls of the upper end of the cup-shaped casing and corrugated, substantially as and for the purpose described.

16. A burner comprising a casing at the lower end thereof, combustion-tubes having a depending extension, aJ shaped lever having its curved extremity loosely passing through said casing, the casing carrying a lever-support, the lever extending across the lower end of the combustion-tube extension, substantially as described.

17. A burner of the character described comprising a casing at its lower end, a removable trough independent of and situated within said casing and having secured thereto a depending supporting-flange adapted to rest upon the bottom of said casing, substantially as described.

18. A burner comprising a casing at the lower end thereof having an open upper end, a trough situated within independent of and removable from the said casing, the verti- 19. A stove comprisingasupporting-frame,

a burner, a feed-pipe extending from the burner to a point above the top of the stove having an open upper end,a vertical chamber havin g its lower ends at one side of the top of the stove and inclosing the open end of the feedpipe, the upper end of the vertical chamber having outwardly-projecting brackets, and a reservoir removably supported upon said bracket and having an exit-opening within the upper end of the said vertical chamber, substantially as described.

20. A burner of the character described comprising a trough having a combined oil and generating channel, and inclined oil-feed channels extending therearound and communicating with the trough at a point removed from their inlet ends, substantially as described.

21. A trough having a combined oil and generating channel, of oil-feed channels having inlet ends at one side of the trough and inclined downward gradually merging into the combined oil and generating channel, substantially as described.

22. A trough for oil-burners having a combined oil and vaporizing channel, an oil-inlet extension, a V-shaped projection within the extension producing diverging oil-channels, the said oil-channels extending around the vaporizing-channel and gradually merging into the bottom of the oil and vaporizing channel at a pointpractically opposite their inlet ends, substantially as described.

23. A trough for oil-burners having a combined oil and vaporizing channel, the trough provided with a tapered feed extension, the bottom of said extension provided with a V- shaped projection, the trough provided with inclined oil-feeding channels at its outer edge, the inlet ends of the feed-channels communicating with the depressions at opposite sides IIO of the projection within the extension and terminating on a plane with the bottom of the combined oil and vaporizing channel, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ATWELL J. BLAOKFORD.

WVitnesses:

LYMAN A. REED, W. S. SENTER. 

